orbital mechanics

ORBITAL MECHANICS

Orbital momentum balances gravity between orbiting bodies and the momentum of orbiting bodies is product of their mass, velocity and orbital distance, and increasing mass or velocity of orbiting bodies has a multiplier effect which increases orbital momentum, orbital distance, and decreases gravity as the orbital distance increases.

The ionized cores of stars and planets transform the momentum of core rotation into dipole moments and their fields capture sum of moments induced by core ions, a vector force which increases the momentum of orbiting ions in the direction of core rotation.

Jupiter’s core rotation transforms momentum of moving charges into moments and the sum of moments captured by Jupiter’s field increases momentum of the high velocity ring current of heavy ions around Io’s orbital path, ejected from Io’s volcanoes. The current is blocked by Io which slows the current and increases Ios orbital momentum.

The magnetosphere of Jupiter sweeps up ionized gases and dust from Io’s thin atmosphere at a rate of 1 tonne per second. This material is mostly ionized sulfur, oxygen and chlorine; and sodium chloride dust. Io orbits Jupiter with a velocity of 17 km/sec. The Io plasma torus rotates with a velocity of about 74 km/sec. Since Io is embedded in the Io plasma torus, the torus plasma flows past Io with a relative velocity of 57 km/sec.

Jupiter and Saturn’s moons capture and conduct electrons from their fields on field lines propogated around their orbital paths and grounded on their surfaces which electrifies the surface, inducing a voltage potential between surface and core where electrons transform into field lines powering core electric currents which transform in exothermic reactions with protons transformed from photons into mantle elements which increases mantle mass, orbital momentum and orbital distance of the moons.

Scientists thought they knew the rate at which the giant moon Titan is moving away from Saturn, but they recently made a surprising discovery: Using data from NASA’s Cassini spacecraft, they found Titan drifting a hundred times faster than previously understood — about 4 inches/year.

Jan 29, 2025 – JUNEAU DETECTS MASSIVE MAGMA LAKE near Io’s South Pole larger than Earth’s Lake Superior, and belches out eruptions six times the total energy of all the world’s power plants. Io’s volcanism has led to formation of hundreds of volcanic centers. Lava flows tens or hundreds of kilometers long have primarily basaltic composition, similar to lavas seen on Earth at shield volcanoes such as Kilauea in Hawaii.

The three Galilean satellites are involved in orbital resonance, in which the orbital periods of Ganymede, Europa and Io are in a near 1:2:4 ratio and the mutual conjunctions of the Io–Europa pair and of the Europa–Ganymede pair precess around Jupiter at precisely the same rate.

…one model suggests this resonance was progressively achieved after Io moved outward into a near 2:1 resonance with Europa, and then the Io–Europa pair moved outward until Ganymede was captured into its own near 2:1 resonance with Europa.

The six planets of HD110067 form successive pairs of 3:2, 3:2, 3:2, 4:3, and 4:3 resonances, resulting in the closest planet completing six orbits while the outer-most planet does one.