moments

DIPOLE MOMENTS

The ionized cores of stars and planets transform the momentum of core rotation into dipole moments and their fields capture the sum of moments induced by core ions, a vector force which increases the momentum of orbiting ions in the direction of core rotation.

Atmospheric super-rotation is a phenomenon where a planet’s atmosphere rotates faster than the planet’s rotation. This is observed in the atmosphere of Venus, Titan, Jupiter, and Saturn. Venus exhibits the most extreme super-rotation, with its atmosphere circling the planet in 4 Earth days, much faster than its planet’s own rotation in 243 earth days.

Saturn’s atmosphere is known for its high-speed winds, reaching up to 1,800 kilometers per hour (1,100 miles per hour). These winds are significantly faster than those on Earth, with some regions experiencing speeds exceeding 1,600 km/h. For example, the equatorial region can see winds of 1,600 feet per second (500 meters per second).

Southwest Research Institute Scientists identify incredibly powerful winds in Jupiter’s atmosphere for the first time. The team used molecules exhumed by the 1994 impact of comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 to trace winds in excess of 900 miles per hour near Jupiter’s poles.

Black holes can spin extremely fast, approaching the theoretical maximum which is 84% of the speed of light. Some black holes, like GRS 1915+105, have been observed to rotate over 1,000 times per second, close to the theoretical limit.

The ionized, rotating cores of black holes transform the momentum of moving charges into dipole moments, a force which increases the momentum of orbiting ions and accretion disk ring currents which transform the momentum of moving charges into moments and sum of moments into a dipole field along the black hole rotation axis, electrically attracting high velocity electron jets and plumes of ionized gas and stardust towards opposite poles.

ORBITAL MECHANICS